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martha graham: the dancer revealed
大型纪录片《艺术视野》
美国著名女舞蹈家：玛莎葛兰姆
现代舞之母
▶（玛莎葛兰姆） “我的一生是在舞蹈中度过，它使我生活得充实，虽然有时感觉并不愉快，甚至有些可怕，但那是不可避免的。”
(martha graham) “i've spent all my life with dance and being a dancer. it's permitting life to use you in a very intense way. sometimes it's not pleasant. sometimes it's fearful but nonetheless it's inevitable.”
▶玛莎葛兰姆是二十世纪美国最伟大的艺术家之一，她改变了舞蹈，她创造了一种新的动作语言，用它来揭示人类所共有的激情，愤怒和狂热。她的舞蹈设计和舞蹈表演生涯长达70年之久。玛莎是有史以来第一个进入白宫表演的舞蹈家，第一个荣获美国最高平民奖，自由勋章的舞蹈家；也是第一个代表美国在全世界巡演的文化大使。她获得的荣誉数不胜数，其中有巴黎市的钥匙，日本天皇帝国勋位。
martha graham was one of the great american artists of the 20th century. she changed dance. she invented a new language of movement and used it to reveal the passion, the rage and the ecstasy common to human experience. she choreographed and danced for 70 years. she was the first dancer ever to perform at the white house. she was the first dancer to receive america's highest civilian award, the medal of freedom, and the first to tour abroad as a cultural ambassador. she received every honor from the “key to the city” of paris to japan's imperial “order of the precious crown”.
▶有一次，一个年轻人被簇拥她的人群吸引，请她签名，年轻人得到签名后向她道了谢，接着问她：“可你是谁呢？”。玛莎一把夺过签名说到：“先弄清楚再说。”
once a young man attracted by the crowd around her, asked for her autograph, she obliged. he thanked her and added, “but who are you?” she snatched back the piece of paper and said find out.
1894年5月11日，玛莎葛兰姆出生在宾夕法尼亚州，一个满是烟尘的炼钢小镇，阿利根尼。她既有爱尔兰和苏格兰的血统，又是美国最早期移民的后代。玛莎的父亲是名精神病医生，他通过病人的一言一行来分析他们的病情。
（玛莎葛兰姆）“人的动作从不说谎，按我父亲的话说，你的行为和动作总能揭示你内心的想法，这是舞蹈给我的第一个启示。”
her story began in the dark sooty steel town of allegheny pennsylvania on may 11th, 1894. martha was irish and scottish on one side and descended from mayflower pilgrims on the other. her father was an alienist, an early term the psychiatrist who analyzed people as much by their actions as by their words.
(martha graham) “movement never lies,” and i'm quoting through him, “you will always reveal what you feel in your heart by what you do in your movement. this was my first lesson of dancing.”
▶4个姐妹中，玛莎年龄最大，她觉得妹妹们都很漂亮，而自己相貌平平。她梦想变得美丽，奔放。
（玛莎葛兰姆）“我总梦想登台演出。我知道，世界上有一个充满魔力的地方，那就是舞台。后来，我看到露丝·圣·丹尼斯的广告招牌，我想去看她的演出，爸爸和妈妈就带我去了，看完之后我知道自己想要什么了。”
martha was the eldest of four. she considered her sister's beautiful, herself plain. in her dream world, she longed to be beautiful and wild.
(martha graham) “well i always wanted to go on the stage. i knew that there was a magic someplace in the world, it had to do with the stage. then i saw the billboard of ruth st. denis, i wanted to go, so my father and mother took me down, and i saw it, and i knew.”
1916年夏天，玛莎葛兰姆满怀敬意地进入了洛杉矶的露丝·圣·丹尼斯萧恩舞蹈学校，这是传奇舞蹈家露丝·圣·丹尼斯和丈夫特德·肖恩开办的美国第一所专业舞蹈学校。玛莎写道：那时人人都有一种激情，创造美的激情。那气氛很有感染力，但是露丝小姐觉得5.2英尺的玛莎太矮了，22岁学舞蹈也太晚了。终于，特德·肖恩看到了她的天分，并带着她巡回演出。玛莎后来提到露丝小姐说：是她打开了一扇门，使我走进了生活。
in the summer of 1916, the awestruck martha graham enrolled at the denis-shawn school in los angeles. the legendary dancer ruth st. denis and her husband ted shawn had founded the first professional school of dance in america. martha wrote, everyone there has just one great passion, the passion to create beauty. the atmosphere was infectious, but miss ruth found the five-foot-two martha too short and at the age of 22 too old to become a dancer. eventually ted shawn saw her talent and took her on tour as his partner. martha later said of miss ruth: “she opened a door and i walked into a life.”
29岁时，玛莎应约加入了格林威治乡村歌舞剧院，百老汇的编导将在节目中注入新的舞蹈形式。自父亲去世后，玛莎一直在努力工作养活家人，歌剧院答应每周都付给她350美元薪水，这在当时可是份极高的收入，于是玛莎接受了跳丹尼斯肖恩舞的邀请，演出极其成功，玛莎一夜成名。在充满清教徒传统的波士顿，警察经常检查合唱队女演员的服装，是否符合道德习俗。
（玛莎葛兰姆）“姑娘们不能光着背，必须在里面穿着小衬衣，或类似的东西，她们很恼火但不得不穿，我也站在那等着检查，有人问，先生，她需要穿吗？一个魁梧的大个子警察说她不用，她就是艺术。”
女演员们很妒忌她的声望，称她为“公主”，但是她知道她想要不止这些。
when she was 29, martha was asked to join the greenwich village follies. the broadway producer wanted to add class to his show. martha had been struggling to support her family since her father's death, so when she was offered 350 dollars a week, a fortune in those days to do her denis-shawn dances, she accepted. she was a smash hit, an overnight star.
in puritanical boston, police regularly check the chorus girls for modesty.
(martha graham) “girls would have to wear little shirts or something underneath because theirs bear skin show, so they, girls were furious and they put them on, and i was standing there waiting my turn and one man said ‘sir, what about her?’ and a great big burly policeman said: ‘no she doesn't have to she's art.’”
the showgirls were jealous of her popularity and called her “the princess”, but she knew she wanted something more.
玛莎葛兰姆在20几岁时曾这样写道：我不知道自己是否有值得回忆的成就，我可以使自己成功，但我想只有上帝才能使我伟大。192年她不顾危险搬到了纽约，在卡内基剧场租了间小工作室，开始了她一生的事业。（玛莎葛兰姆）“我觉得我别无选择，我做了想做的事情。”
martha graham wrote these notes when she was in her twenties: i wonder if i will ever be great enough to have interesting memories. i can take care of the success part, but it takes the gods to make me great i suppose.abandoning her security, she moved to new york in 1925, rented a small studio at carnegie hall, and began her life's work. (martha graham) “i don't feel i had any choice, i wanted and because i wanted i did.”
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